Criminal Justice Research Methodology Term Paper

Criminal Justice Research Methodology - Term Paper Example It is also practical in the sense that it covers a long process over determining what a research needs in particular as it can be modified and take the form of interviews, questionnaires, or a combination of both. In a survey-interview, for example, it allows a researcher to observe the subject and modify questions if the subject seems confused by them. Survey is a good method to consider specially if there is a long range of respondents involved and the researcher needs to collate more uniformed answers in a given period of time (example, respondent-reactions due to the changes brought about by a recent ordinance created). Unlike plain interview that answers brought about by open-ended or close ended questions may vary and sometimes complex in their meaning, survey-questionnaires can eliminate the possibility that the researcher can influence the subject by is or her facial expressions, e.g., unconsciously frowning at an answer making unnecessary body language. Of course, there is a lways a danger that subjects may give misleading answers in order to make themselves â€Å"look good† but the researcher can always modify the questions in several different ways to detect this as well. Surveys are also ideal to use when concerns for safety is involved. It has been tested and experience through time that when safety is concerned, it is highly difficult to get willing respondents that will be open for research. There are two ways to ham ­per successful data gathering through face-to-face interviews. First, potential re ­spondents may refuse to be interviewed because they fear the stranger-interviewer specially if the subject for the research is a sensitive one. Second, the interviewers themselves may be in danger given that in some studies to be conducted, a need to expose researchers in a dangerous situation is inevitable (Maxfield, and Babbie, 2008). Social desirability is known to be one of the common problems that plague self-report crime questions in

Reflective assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reflective - Assignment Example Facts and discussion presented in this assignment are basically structured in accordance with the Gibbs reflective model (1988). To validate the reflection practice, this paper includes a case scenario in which the practitioners involved in the care of the patient did not pay adequate attention to the importance of effective communication. Consequently, this lack of communication affected the patient for the worse. Therefore, this paper aims at scrutinizing the best research evidence to emphasize the need for proper communication in health care in order to refine clinical practice and respect patient values. Several years ago, I was in the cardiac theatre working as an anaesthesia technician and meanwhile, one 5 years old boy who was a cardiac patient was undergoing dental clearance by a trainee dentist. After the trainee was through, the inhalation agent got terminated so as to allow the patient recover prior to the removal of the endotracheal tube. Now in many situations, it is too risky for novices like dentists undergoing training to take full control of actual procedures to be performed on the patients and it also appeared later from a consent form that the patient’s parents had never agreed to the direct involvement of anyone but highly qualified professionals in their child’s treatment in the OT. Clearly, this critical incident originated due to lack of healthy communication between the surgeons and patients which is essential to avoiding risks in the OT. Though the patient did not experience a considerable harm but his parents had desired for any intervention to be carried out by trained professionals and not by trainees. Shock was one of the feelings that overcame me first when from another anaesthesia technician I learned that the patient’s parents had not wished for the involvement of a trainee to avoid any possible risks. This fellow technician despite knowing of the parents’

Concept of Criminal Intent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concept of Criminal Intent - Essay Example ugh it cannot be denied that these two concepts are inevitably intertwined, the difference between the two lies in the fact that while a person may have sufficient motive to commit a crime, he or she may not be the one who actually intended to commit that particular crime (Koppenhaver, 2008). Hence, although motive, it being whatever reason whether personal or business-related that may induce a person to become involved in criminal activity, is a requirement for the commission of a crime, intent is the concrete intention of a person to commit a crime, like murder or robbery (Koppenhaver, 2008). What then is criminal intent? In order to answer this completely, it is important to first outline the various elements of a crime as it is a significant aspect of it. There are two main elements of a crime, the factual (actus reus) and mental (mens rea) that includes causation and proof of intention, respectively (Azuelos-Atias, 2007, p. 16). Actus Reus. Actus Reus or the factual element of a crime is the act of the commission of the crime itself and the events surrounding it, which includes the person’s behavior, the circumstances of the commission of the crime, and causation (Azuelos-Atias, 2007, p. 16). â€Å"The circumstances may exist prior to the committing of the act, simultaneously with it, and sometimes it may even come into existence after it† (Bein, 1995 cited in Azuelos-Atias, 2007, p. 16). Causation involves the establishment that the result, for instance brain damage due to grievious bodily harm, is connected to the act of the crime (Azuelos-Atias, 2007, p. 16). It is not enough to establish cause-in-fact of the damage as legal cause is something that needs to take into consideration the time period between the criminal act and the result, as well as foreign intervening acts (Azuelos-Atias, 2007, p. 17). For example, if the victim died one year and one day after the crime happened, which alleg edly caused the death of the said victim, the perpetrator is not

Leadership and Hero Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership and Hero - Essay Example In some ways, using my own hopes and romantic ideals, I had created an America that was, perhaps, more mythical than real. I imagined, for instance, a country and a system without serious problems or difficulties. I imagined a country with perfect education and tolerance of other peoples and other cultures. I was, in effect, defining America through my own preconceptions, without having ever truly experienced the country and her culture. Once I arrived in the United States, however, this mirror was removed; to be sure, as stated by Ronald Heifetz, the realities were much different than my original impressions. I learned that America was not all that much different from other countries. To be sure, there were wonderful opportunities for education and employment; on the other hand, there was fierce competition and expensive costs. There was, contrary to my initial beliefs, a very real possibility of failure. I have also learned that one needs to experience people, places, and things first-hand in order to truly understand. We need to remove the mirror, to peel away romantic mythologies, and look at things objectively. In sum, I have learned the value of true experience and the need to be careful about relying on second-hand information. In this essay, I will describe Prometheus and why his character is such a popular hero.

Coporate Accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Coporate Accounting - Research Paper Example There are instances in which the subsidiary and the holding company prepare their financial statements using conflicting policies and principles. In these cases, the parent company has the responsibility of making the necessary adjustments in order to have the subsidiary statements restated to become uniform to that of the holding company. This has to be done before the line-by-line consolidation of summing the respective asset and liabilities are done to arrive at the consolidated figure (Deegan, 2010). A breach of this accounting requirement will mean that the financial statements are inconsistent with the set principles, hence making them unreliable and untrue. Consolidation of inventory will be used to show how the adjustments should be done. AASB 102 demands that inventory be measured using the lower of cost and net realizable value to ensure that the financial statements are not over or under valued. The cost here includes the purchase price, import costs and any cost incurred to bring the stock to its current state. Inventory should also be tested for impairment in order to avoid possible overstatement in the financial statement. In case the subsidiary accounts for stock by violating this requirement, the holding company will have to do the necessary adjustment to ensure that the value posted in the financial statements are uniform. ... The second financial statement asset that is susceptible to errors during consolidation is property, plant, and equipment. The property, plant, and equipment are the long-term assets of the business that are utilized in the production of goods or delivery of services in order to earn revenue to the business. Accounting standard requires that in reporting the value of this item in the balance sheet, depreciation be subtracted from the purchase price to arrive at the net value (Deegan, 2010). Similarly, companies should test the property for impairment and expense any impairment losses in the income statement. The impairment value will also be used to reduce the value of the asset in the statement of financial position. It must, however, be noted that in calculating the depreciation amount, the holding company and its subsidiary might use different measurement bases. Depreciation can either be calculated using the straight-line basis or the reducing balance method. The holding company will, therefore, have to make adjustment to have the depreciation value determined using same method. For example, if the holding company calculates its depreciation using the straight-line method while the subsidiary does the same by the use of reducing balance, the parent company will have to adjust the depreciation values according to the straight-line method. The final consolidated value will then be determined by summing the net values of the property, plant, and equipment. In summary, adding the asset values that are arrived at by use of different measurement bases is inappropriate and violates the accounting rules and standards. The preparers of the financial statements must, therefore, make the necessary measurement adjustments before summing the respective assets and

Management Change Excercise Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management Change Excercise - Research Paper Example The steps include creation of urgency, development of powerful coalition, creation of a change vision, communication of the change vision, eradication of obstacles, creation of short-term success goals, building on the change, and integration of change into the corporate culture of the organization (Mind Tools, 2012).The first step in the process of change management requires the organizational leaders to convince the organizational personnel that a certain change needs to be there on urgent basis because of certain reasons (Coutts, 2000). If this action is not taken, people would underestimate the need of change. In the second step, the organizational leaders need to develop a team which facilitates gaining of people’s consent for change implementation. If this action is not taken, much more effort would be required to convince individuals because they would be scattered and not members of the same team. In the third step, the leader needs to develop a relation between change and a big vision in order to make it easier for the followers to realize what is happening. If this action is not taken, followers would have subjective idea of what is happening. In the fourth step, measures need to be taken to quickly communicate the change and spread the vision. If this action is not taken, there would not be uniformity of approach due to lack of information in certain followers. In the fifth step, the leader needs to recognize the barriers in the way of implementation of change and do whatever is required to remove them. If this action is not taken, the change process is likely to be interrupted along the way. In the sixth step, the leader should appreciate together with the followers the achievement of intermediary goals. If this action is not taken, followers might lose interest as there is little realization of achievement of preliminary goals. In the seventh step, the leader should emphasize upon a need for the followers to continue working in the same dire ction so that the achievement of preliminary goals leads to the attainment of the ultimate goal. If this action is not taken, followers might become over-confident and not do the needful. In the eighth step, the followers need to be motivated to constantly review the change process and keep modifying it to attain optimal results. If this action is not taken, the change may not bring the desired results. Each of the eight steps included in the Kotter’s model is essentially an action that requires a complete strategy to be taken effectively. Implementation of change and its management as suggested by Kotter requires sound management skills in an individual. As a manager, I have good oratory skills and thus, can convince people or for the least, present my opinion in an apprehensible manner. I am good at taking actions pertaining to all the steps of Kotter’s eight step model generally. However, I need a little improvement in the fourth, seventh and eighth step. This is be cause of the fact that I am a little careless due to which, I might not be able to make sure that the process of change is communicated to all of the organizational personnel. This requires a bit of organization on my part. I find it difficult to recollect myself if the continuity in a process is broken. So after the sixth step, in which I as a manager would celebrate preliminary goals with the organizational personnel, it might be difficult for me to develop the focus again to make sure that

The Reader and Hughes Essay Example for Free

The Reader and Hughes Essay The first statement is an irony because young Langston said he was saved when in actual fact he was not saved . He only pretended to be saved so that he could save more trouble. The purpose of writing â€Å"Salvation† is to show the difference in the way of thinking between the young and old generation. Also to clarify the misconception of the older generation that the younger generation can easily comprehend and read in depth meaning to what they are told. This is shown when Hughes and his aunt have different thought about what is expected of â€Å"Salvation† . †And I kept waiting serenely for Jesus, waiting ,waiting waiting but he did not come†. Literally Hughes was expecting to see Jesus and he was expecting him to come to him. On the other hand his aunt (the older generation) thought Hughes was crying because he saw God. Another purpose is to show the irony of life, when others believe you have done something because you have experience the feeling when in actual fact you did it to save the day. † So I decided that maybe to save further trouble, Id better lie, too, and say that Jesus had come, and get up and be saved . So I got up†. Langston loses his faith because of Auntie Reed. She tells him that when you were saved you saw a light, and something happened to your insides! Langston took this literally, expecting to actually see a light and to feel something happening in his body. When he doesnt see or feel anything after hes saved, Langston gives up on believing in Jesus because he believed his aunts descriptions of salvation. His confusion worsens when Westley gets saved because he knows Westley didnt experience anything such as a light and is lying. Abdulwahab 2 Langston goes up to be saved only because he doesnt want to disappoint the adults, and they are all telling him to come up and be saved. That night, Langston cries because he lied, showing he is a good Christian because he believes the commandment about lying. His aunt misreads his tears and tells her husband hes crying because hes experienced the Holy Ghost and seen Jesus. The story reflects how adults dont realize or understand how children think, especially when it concerns a concept as difficult as faith. Auntie Reed expects Langston to accept what she says because shes the adult, and hes a child. She never explains that Biblical stories are a useful guide for how to live ones life . Langston assumes that all his readers are familiar and well acquainted with a charismatic church . † preaching, singing, praying, and shouting†. Hughes chose narration because it was his way of really putting down his feelings and emotions just the way he experienced them . This added to the credibility of the story and the effect that it would have on the reader ,based on criticism coupled with the act that this dealt with a very argumentative topic â€Å"religion†. Hughes also applies the use signal transitions ,:going on thirteen† â€Å"for weeks† ,†then just before†,† for days ahead† and many others . This signal transition are used through out the essay mainly at the time of â€Å"Salvation†. Irony is the only thing that keeps life interesting. The process analysis of the understanding of how a revival meeting works is critical to the essay. Without this piece of information a reader who is not known with such things would not be able to connect with Hughes due to the lack of knowledge of such an event. The reader has to be acquainted with the material that he is reading to gain a sort of relationship with the author. The fact that Hughes did lay out the process set a ground for the reader to connect to the story. Hughes’s language shows that he was writing the essay as if he were still a child holding on to the feelings and thoughts of that time. The effect of the sentences and the beginnings of the sentence with the word â€Å"And†, emphasize Abdulwahab 3 the idea of this being a child . this allows the reader to truly feel as if the child were telling the story. The dialogue and the details of the sound recreate the story of the event in the readers mind . This way the reader is able to put himself in Hughes shoes and get to feel the pressure that was being put into the situation. Works cited : 1 http://www. enotes. com/revolt-mother 2 AMYCARRILLI’S BLOG.