Henry Grantt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Henry Grantt - Essay Example(Wikipedia)Upon graduating from the John Hopkins College, Gantt worked as a schoolt separatelyer and draughtsman. He then pursued mechanical engineering and was employed by Midvale Steel and Bethlehem Steel in 1887. In these companies, he worked as a management consultant in collaboration with Frederick W. Taylor, known as the father of Scientific Management. (Wikipedia)Gantt became influential during the early 1900s when his proposed management theories and tools where broadly recognized in the field of business. As one of the pioneers of the Scientific Management movement, Gantt believes that management problems should be studied according to scientific methods. This entails the elimination of guesswork, setting a proper task for each man and bothocating apt rewards for the achievement of appoint tasks. (Gaus)His most prominent legacy to the management discipline is the Gantt chart, an important tool in project management. Aside from this, Gantt to a fault focused on developing motivational schemes, reward systems, methods of measuring efficiency as well as the importance of leadership qualities and management skills in create effective industrial organizations. (Gurus)Gantt is recognized as a forerunner of the Human Relations School of Management. He humanized the prevailing salary scheme during those times, which was based on Taylors piece-rate system, by developing a pay incentive scheme comprising of a guaranteed minimum wage plus bonus system (Gurus). With Gantts proposed wage program, bonuses are provided for workers who fulfil their jobs in less time than the benchmark set (Higgins). This served as the motivating factor for workers to strive to become more productive in completing assigned tasks.He advocated this type of incentive scheme because he deemed that this would result in the congruency of interests of both employers and employees. He believed that organizational efficiency could be substantially enhanced by fu rther improving the productiveness of workers in the same pace as that of production technology. (Knoedler)In terms of employee training, Gantt disagreed with Taylors vision that the purpose of training was primarily to go to employees in learning and perfecting rudimentary tasks. During his stint as management consultant, he permitted machinists to experiment with new methods until they were able to discover innovative means of improving their productivity and earning bonus based on the quality of their performance. (Knoedler)Given these findings, Gantt had indeed refined and expanded the human resource management theories asserted by Taylor (Henderson). Furthermore, he believed that all corporate undertakings should be in line with human nature. Gantt posited, We cannot drive people we must direct their development. (Professional Development in Private Sector)Gantts make for on wage incentive and training schemes is still remarkable until now. Nowadays, companies tend to relate their bonuses and other benefits on employee performance which in return is based on the meeting of specific objectives or targets set for each employee. Moreover, companies provide relevant trainings and seminars for

Marketing in Healthcare Industry Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing in Healthcare Industry - Term Paper casefulA marketing manager should understand the objectives of the firm in general and come up with a corporate marketing strategy which should address the production, dispersion channels and tactics to be use. A strategic marketing plan begins by coming up with a strategic business unit that is free-living based on management, access to resources, competition, customers and positioning strategy. The major elements that one focuses on acknowledge identification of the enterprise, situation analysis, coming up with strategies and control establishment both in a strategic business unit. A marketing plan in most cases involves a rendering of the product on the basis of all distinctive features presented, a budget for carrying out the awareness which includes the adverts and promotional activities, pricing strategies which depend on the cost of production, market segmentation and a full description of business location. Strategic mark eting should also focus on the business environment which firstly volition concentrate on the economic variable which will assess whether the economy is in recession or in expansion (Berkowitz, 2011). Secondly, strategy will analyses the impacts of technological on the speed, processes, production and market and try to include this in marketing plan. The third factor is political intervention which focuses on regulations, taxes, reporting requirements and how these influence marketing strategies. Another factor to consider is the social ethnical factors which relates to the detections of a certain product in different cultural diversities. These are psychological factors that alter the demand patters and the market dynamics bringing about a change in the profits of a firm. Finally, the strategic marketing should focus on internal review process. This checks the management and information systems, competition, budgets, distribution channels, market plan, gross sales projections, c ost analysis and an overall snapshot of the marketing plan. Before a consumer can come up with a purchase, various factors both internal and outdoor(a) influence the decision making process. A person can choose to purchase a product not because it is needed but because of a perception that it is useful. The consumer behavior is determined by internal factors such as feelings, tastes and preferences, while external factors relate to commercials, the marketing abilities of the firm or coupons reflecting the product. However, initial intent must(prenominal) be created before a consumer can make a purchase. The choice made will be influenced by the cost of the product and on valuation or observation on the quality of the item in question (Berkowitz, 2011). A person may also choose to buy a product out of previous satisfaction on the use of the item. Companies may be interested to ensure that goods being produced for selling should not create cognitive fraudulent scheme on the part o f the consumer which determines purchase value. The marketing strategy to be adopted by a normal business enterprise is different from that to be used by a health care industry. This is because the target population is different. Whilst the business focused on the overall consumer, the health care focused on a limited class such as the aged, the sick and those in need of medical attention. In this case, their approach is narrowed on that business

Advertising Red Bull Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advertising flushed prick - Essay ExampleThe Christians, they believe that only messiah had such powers to walk over water, but if this drink was capable to make someone do what Jesus is the only one who could do, then it is portrayed to be as powerful as Jesus (Anne-Marrie, 2012). This British Company has received a slap on the cheek as it tried to make pleasure of the Titanic tragedy where more than 1,500 race lost their lives. The bad reception saw the association lose market all over the world as people tried to criticize them that it is so soon and not enough to make fun of such a tragedy moment (Kieran, 2013). The ad suggested that if Red Bull was on board, people who could have taken it could have had wings to fly away hence escaping death. It is because of this negative reception about the company that this ad program is being developed so that the company image can be regained and the business can boom once more. Product The Red Bull Company specializes in its main pr oceeds of Red Bull energy drink. It actually found an opportunity in the market gap where there was a need for an energy drink which is non-alcoholic. This product was specially designed for use by everyone, both children and adults and both believers like Christians and non-believers like pagans. The product had already gained fame in the global market, but this was recently declining due to the bad advert. Therefore, there is a great need for the company to restructure their ad in order to win over back its customers. Marketing Mix The company uses various strategies in order to capture and manage its market niche for this particular product. In its efforts to achieve this, the company has taken into consideration the exercise of the four Ps of marketing product, price, place & promotion. Product the company has ensured that its product is harmless to all age groups in the high society hence it captures a wide customer base. The product can be used by the sportsmen, fatigued, th e sick, and any other person who either requires refreshment or replenishment of lost energy in any kind of activity they are involved in. Price the company has used various pricing strategies to modify all its users find it affordable everywhere in the world. The pricing captures both the wholesale and retail price prices where the big stores purchase the product at a wholesale price and sell it to the retailers at a different price, at least making profits. And the retailers also sell it to the consumers at a bit high prices, but still affordable for the customers. Place the company is a global company where it sells its products to the internationally in the global market. It gained fame very fast being that the product was more of a soft drink and could also provide the users with energy. Promotion the product uses various media platforms to promote its product so that sales and popularity can be increased. The company has recently received a negative reception for using a bad ad which has made it lose market in just about parts of the world. Therefore, the company plans to make good choices of adverts that result get a good reception and would not inflict any pain to the peoples feelings again. The company has always used media like the print media, social media, televisions, posters, billboards and events to promote their product all over the world (Ali, 2012). Choice of Media for the Advert The ad will be aired on the social media, especially on Facebook where billions of people visit on a daily basis hence many people can be reached at a time. The

Annotated Bibliography on Education Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On Education - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThe topics of self-esteem, moral ontogenesis, cultural influences, peer relation, and family influence are all addressed as they pertain to this development of self-concept. Also some of the issues that may arise in any iodin of these categories are addressed as they may negatively contact this curtail developmental stage in an adolescence life. This entertain generally covers the psychological view of the stages of development, but it is written from an learningal perspective, so they add in galore(postnominal) relevant topics and solutions to aid educators in their pursuit of knowledge and growth.This source is very useful in giving a more clinical approach to the mull over of adolescent behavior and how outside influences can affect or alter psychological development. This source is very comparable to the other sources listed in that it comes from an educational period of time of view. However, it does have a slightly less emotio nal, more factual approach, which could prove useful in crediting my essay. I feel the information written in this book is very reliable, and all facts, concepts written are ground on credited, sited works. I also do not feel that this source is biased. It is a source based on information, not emotion. The goal of this source is to inform the reader of the different stages of development. Laura E. Berk, is a distinguished professor of psychology at Illinois State University, where she teaches human development to both undergraduate and graduate students. She has a doctoral degree in early childhood development and education. from the University of Chicago. This book was very helpful in aiding me in my search for information on how issues such as community, prejudices, and cultural acceptance affects the youth of our society. It helped to shape my argument by giving me factual, relevant information on ways ones acceptance into society and by peers, especially at this age, can affect the entire well being and person one becomes. I can use the facts given in this source to aid the development of my argument and the credibility of my essay. This source did not change my initial sentinel on the topic, it did, however, give me useful information in developing my ideas. Bode, cake, and Sonia Nieto. Affirming Diversity The SocioPolitical Context of Multicultural Education. 5th ed. Boston. Allyon & Bacon, Inc., 2008. Print. This books looks at the necessity and benefits of a multicultural education for all students. It is intended for both current and soon to be teachers. It discusses the topics of how personal, social, political, cultural, and educational factors affect whether a student succeeds or fails in the classroom. It uses several case studies to turn out how the issues discussed in this book have played out in a real classroom. With the goal of this book being to enlighten the reader on how potpourri affects students in todays classroom I found it very in formative for my research topic. Being that this is a reliable source, with an objective based approach, I found it very comparable to the other sources listed in this bibliography. The primary goal of this source was to inform, not persuade the reader on diversity in the classroom. The authors, Patty Bode and Sonia Nieto, are both well known, reputable publishers and active in the educational community. Patty Bode is a director of education at

Motivation in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Motivation in the Workplace - Essay ExampleHowever, it is the mathematical function of the business owner to nurture motivation as a means to attain business or corporate goals. Motivation therefore is the impetus or force that drives us to do things this is a result of our individual desires being met so that people have the drive and inspiration to complete the task. These requirements vary from an individual to individual because everybody has their personal take to motivate themselves (Gary, 2009 p. 29). Depending on how well employees are motivated in the work place, it may determine the effort employees put in the work and thus, increase the precedent of the output. Human motivation is an individual characteristic, and not one that fits all options. Most people perceive motivation in terms of high salary this is original because some employees in the work place will be motivated by high salary. However, the wrong reason is that it does meet or satisfy others. This endorses the rumor that human motivation is an individual characteristic, and not a one fits all options. The idea of motivation is very essential in business in that it has an gist on the output of business since it concerns quality and quantity. For instance, a business depends heavily on the efficiency of production employees to make sure that level-headeds are produced in monstrous numbers that satisfy the demand of the week. Therefore, if these employees lack motivation to manufacture the goods to meet the demands, then the business faces problems that led to disastrous results. Employee motivation has been listed by business researchers as a key contributor to increased productivity. Every effect or action is normally necessitated by some cause and this is no exceptional to employees procedure in an organization. What drives people to work is very essential and related to the output of a particular organization. If the employees find satisfaction in the reason for their contribut ion in an organization, then the outcome of their efforts also improves. Employees with good reasons to work or those motivated to work usually out perform their less motivated counterparts. Aspects listed as good or positive motivation that boost employees performance include, satisfaction as a contributor to an organizations mission, job security, desire and room for line of achievement advancement, employees benefits and wages and enjoyment or passion for work (Bufford, 1990, p. 4). According to Douglas theory of motivation of x and y, people in any organization can be managed in two manner. The first way is the negative which he categorizes as x and the other way is the positive side which he categorized as y. Under the category of theory x, employees in the organization have inner dislike of work and that whenever possible, they tend to avoid work. Due to the fact that they hate working, it is the role of the managers and supervisors to force and threaten them with punishment in order to attain organizational goals. In addition, employees would everything to avoid their responsibilities and do not like to be issued with forethoughts to work (Hiriyappa, 2011, p. 59-61). This in turn can affect the business if the manager is not strict. Contrary to theory x, theory y states that mental or physical effort in the work place is as natural as play or rest. More so, it stresses that employees at work do exercise self control and direction if they are committed to

Critically appraise the contribution of Le Grand's knights, knaves, Essay

Critically appraise the contribution of Le yards knights, knaves, pawns and queens framework to our u - Essay ExampleIn support of his theory, Le Grand provided the following example in the classic era of the welf be state (1945-79), presumed that the motivation of the public servants was their professional ethic and the interests of those they served were of great concern to them. They appeared as public-spirited altruists (or knights) as they carried out their duties in the public interest. Taxpayers came out in the same light as the public servants because of their willingness to pay taxes. However, as per Le Grands theory, after 1979 the public experienced grave assaults on assumptions about motivation and behavior. There was the presumption that the public could understand the behavior of public officials and professionals if they appeared self-interested. Ultimately, it seemed exceptionable that the beneficiaries of services received treatment as passive recipients-rather the consumer should be the king (Le Grand 1997). This paper examines the worth of Le Grands contribution in knights, knaves, pawns and queens. This is in regards to the framework of our understanding of relationships between public authorities and organizations, which provider public services paid for. In that line, this paper looks at the merits and shortcomings of Le Grands contribution. ... such policies, two central questions that need answers 1) Are public employees driven by primary self-interested motives or are they public-spirited altruists? 2) Do the recipients of services posse some capability to influence their situations or are their situations merely the product of broader social circumstances? (The ABCs of public service motivation, altruism, behavior, & stipend 2011) Logically he contends that the pay and incentive systems that stimulate the government servants enthusiasm should be formulated in such a manner that it is tough to some(prenominal) guinea pigs of behavi or and that outsourcing of public sector work to non-profit bodies should not assume that these organizations are purely altruistic (Andrew 2004). This is one of the key contributions of this model that many scholars and researchers received tumesce in this field of study. Flaws in Le Grands theory Le Grands contribution, since its introduction, has undergone remarkable scrutiny to date. galore(postnominal) scholars and institutions, in this field, withstand acknowledged, expanded or criticized this framework. The following are some of the issues that arise to challenge and expose the inadequacies that are in the model. Simplicity of the model raises a lot of concern. Many argue that his analysis is too simplistic a means of capturing the complexity of the realities of human motivation and agency. As there is a variety of knights and knaves, and people are not simply pawns or queens (Welshman 2004). For instance, knights exist in two types. The first type, act-relevant knights re ceive personal gratification from performing an altruistic act. The second type act-irrelevant knights receive personal gratification when those who need help receive it, regardless of who actually performs the helping act (The ABCs

Implementation of organisational identification Essay

Implementation of organisational identification - Essay Exampleorganisational identification is, according to Gemmiti (2008, 6), an individuals knowledge of belonging or membership to a group of members of the organization. This knowledge of belonging to a particular organization is heavily based on emotions and has a great influence on an individuals behavior. The identification comes with an employees understanding and realizing of how their personal goals and values are aligned with the goals and values of the organization. Finally, as such goals, norms and values are aligned, the employee adds that group membership to their boilersuit self-concept (Meyer, Becker, and forefront Dick 2006).Therefore, it can be said that organizational identification refers to whether an employee associates themselves with the organization in which they work and whether an employee views themselves as a part of the organization. According to Van Dick, Grojean, Christ, and Wieseke (2006), the concept of social identity can help to determine how organizational identification is related to to organizational citizenship (Van Dick, Grojean, Christ, and Wieseke 2006). The two concepts, according to the researchers (Van Dick, Grojean, Christ, and Wieseke 2006), are positively related because individuals self-concepts are formed on the basis of belonging to certain organization. The stronger the feeling of belonging is, the more effort a person is willing to devote to the training of that organization. Therefore, in an organization, the more organizational goals and norms are in line with those of the individual, the more devoted that individual is to the organization. So, organizational commitment is also related to organizational identification. Organizational commitment is very important for employers because it determines the level of employee performance, line gaiety, absenteeism and other productivity-related factors. This paper critically examines the concept of organizatio nal identification, and analyzes how it is related to organizational performance, individual performance, job gladness and productivity. Literature review Organizational identification and organizational commitment An empirical study conducted by He and Mukherjee (2008) examined how organizational identification was related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The research was conducted with Chinese salespeople and showed that organizational identification represents a link between job satisfaction and job commitment. Job satisfaction was divided by the researchers into intrinsic and extraneous. Intrinsic job satisfaction referred to how employees viewed their particular jobs. Extrinsic job satisfaction included employees satisfaction by their working conditions, such as pay, environment, and management. The two different types of job satisfaction related differently to both organizational identification and organizational commitment. In particular, as He and Mukherj ee (2008, 2) outline, extrinsically motivated job satisfaction has a stronger relationship with organisational identification than intrinsically motivated job satisfaction. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire was use by the researchers to measure job satisfaction. An Organisational Commitment Questionnaire was used for measuring organizational commitment. Finally, an Organizational identification measure designed by Ashforth and Mael (1992) was used to measure organizational identification of 438 Chinese salespeople representing real estate industry. The results showed that extrinsic job satisfaction had a positive influence on organizational id